Saturday, December 28, 2019

The Advent Of Industrialization Was Marked By Increased

The advent of industrialization was marked by increased employment, increased scale in production in goods and services, as well as a considerable, increased in the realization of profits my huge industries. The wave of change in industrialization was not only characterized by the large-scale exploitation of alternative sources of energy that were more efficient but also increased urbanization and the large-scale exploitation of raw materials most of which were provided by nature. Such changes continuously had an increase in the degradation of the environment, particularly so as nations competed to outsmart each other in the and be the forefront in large scale production of products. The exploitation of energy sources such coal in†¦show more content†¦The adaptation of the Kyoto Protocol took place in Kyoto Japan in the year 1997 (11th December). The implementation of the protocol, however, came into effect later in the year 2005 (February 16th). The number of states subscri bed to the protocol are currently 192 as Canada s withdrawal became effective in 2012 (December). The Kyoto Protocols role has thus been to implement UNFCC role of combatting global warming through the reduction of the concentration of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere to a desirable level that would not be necessarily dangerous (causing interference in the atmosphere and the alteration of the system in the climate) According to the Protocols article 2, it is entirely based on the principle of common but at the same time differential responsibility. In essence, the protocol places the obligation of the reduction of emissions currently in the countries that are developed as they are the ones most to blame for the high amounts of greenhouse gasses currently present in the atmosphere (Grubb et al 997). The United States, however, chose to reject the Kyoto Protocol in 2001 when George Bush took Presidential Office as theShow MoreRelatedThe Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century146 8 Words   |  6 Pagesrural villages. Prior to the industrial revolution most manufacturing was done in homes using hand tools and simple basic machines. People lived where their daily existences revolved around farming. Life for the average person was difficult, as incomes were meager, and malnourishment and disease were common. People produced the bulk of their own food, clothing, furniture and tools. With the advent of the industrial revolution marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and massRead MorePrior To The Industrial Revolution, Which Began In Britain1542 Words   |  7 PagesPrior to the Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late 1700s, manufacturing was often done in people s homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production. When the Industrial Market took a big leap and bound forward, it set off a big chain of events and changed many aspects of the era, people’s lives and the future of our nations. Many areas of industries, such as the big iron and textileRead MoreThe Collapse Of Complex Societies1079 Words   |  5 Pagesour perpetual decline in marginal returns in the physical world and stresses to the environment. We can also adapt Tainter’s logic for avoiding collapse by harnessing the potential for accelerated retu rns in capturing new energy subsidies and with advents in information technology and the cyber domain. Joseph Tainter principal argument in The Collapse of Complex Societies is that societal success primarily hinges on the success of problem-solving institutions. We know a society to be collapsed whenRead MoreEvolution Of The Human Society2270 Words   |  10 Pageshas been marked by certain trends and practices that had been established by our early predecessors and has been in vogue since. It is on the fundamentals of these established trends and patterns that the societal web of the human civilization has sprung up and thrive giving rise to a complex structure of the ethnicity, traditions and the mores that the modern man lives in (Bogucki, 1999). Since ages imperceptible man and women have coexisted with each other in the cycle of life. It was opined evenRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution: The Beginnings of the Modern Era Essay1948 Words   |  8 PagesRevolution. The Industrial Revolution affected nations everywhere and ultimately created the world as we know it today. As Pete r Stearns said, â€Å"Industrialization was the most fundamental force in world history in both the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries, and it continues to powerfully shape the twenty-first† (1). The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in history, influencing almost every aspect of daily life and now its effects are so seamlessly woven into our everyday livesRead MoreDevelopment of Human Societies2092 Words   |  9 Pagesshare a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent members. The development of human society did not come about overnight. There is a long history behind it. Man was not always what we see him today. There were a lot of broad phases of their development. They are: Premodern society, Modern industrial society and Post modernity. Pre-modern society: Pre modern Societies are economically based in the removal or cultivationRead MoreThe Historical Transformation of Work14383 Words   |  58 Pagessocieties Main features of work in industrial capitalist societies Capitalist industrialization and the primacy of work Crises and industrial capitalism Technological and organizational change The rise of trade unions Women and work in the development of industrial capitalism The dominant conception of work in industrial capitalism Summary and conclusions Further reading Questions for discussion and assessment Before the advent of industrial capitalism approximately 200 years ago in England, work referredRead MoreBig Data Vs. Public Sector Organizations Essay2516 Words   |  11 Pagesthis huge pile of data, well certainly days or months or years is not the answer than what it is? Well if we go back and have a look at the history of data and compare it with the current scenario we will realize that it took decades, initially it was a gradual process till early nineties but since then the big data industry has experienced a haphazard growth in the amount of data. So what has led to this â€Å"big data† concept and answer would be there are number of factors, factors such as CPU, StorageRead More The Causes of the Industrial Revolution Essay4968 Words   |  20 Pagesactive interest to historians is why the Industrial Revolution occurred in Europe and not other parts of the world, particularly China. Numerous factors have been suggested, including ecology, government, and culture. B enjamin Elman argues that China was in a high level equilibrium trap in which the nonindustrial methods were efficient enough to prevent use of industrial methods with high costs of capital. Kenneth Pommeranz, in the Great Divergence, argues that Europe and China were remarkably similarRead MoreGlobalization Is The Process Of International Integration6873 Words   |  28 Pagesintermodal transport, and airlines made transportation even faster. The advent of electronic communications, most notably mobile phones and the Internet, connected billions of people in new ways by the year 2010. Etymology and usage The term globalization is derived from the word globalize, which refers to the emergence of an international network of economic systems. One of the earliest known usages of the term as a noun was in a 1930 publication entitled, Towards New Education, where it denoted

Friday, December 20, 2019

Hydraulic Fracking The Oil Industry - 2025 Words

Hydraulic Fracturing The oil industry in the United States is booming. However, not all oil or natural gasses are available by drilling. There are some oils and gasses trapped inside shale rock. To access these gases, a process called Hydraulic Fracturing, informally known as fracking, was invented. Hydraulic Fracking â€Å"is a controversial oil and gas extraction technique developed in the late 1940s to gain access to fossil energy deposits previously inaccessible to drilling operations. The process†¦literally involves the smashing of rock with millions of gallons of water- along with sand and an undisclosed assortment of chemicals in order to bring gas to the surface. (serc-carelton.edu).† This process combines water, sand, and chemicals†¦show more content†¦Hydraulic Fracturing allows for the United States to gain energy independence. Much in thanks to shale oil and gas, the US has been able to rely less heavily on foreign oil. Extracting oil for the United States in the U.S., al lows for cheaper gas prices. By gaining energy independence, the country â€Å"spends far less on cheaper, domestically, generated power, [and] the money would go primarily to US-owned energy producers (BBC.org).† Energy independence, in addition to benefiting the economy, would help the United States out politically. The country has rocky relations with many of the Middle Eastern countries that produce a large amount of energy resources. Independence would help to sever some of these ties. In an article from Forbes Magazine the author speculated that, â€Å" The Unites States will soon be the world’s largest oil producer, thanks to innovative new extraction technologies [such as fracking] that have revitalized previously dormant wells and also led to a shale gas and oil boom that has galvanized into action a series of once sleepy communities across the upper Great Plains, Texas and beyond. Given such resources, we no longer have to fund our enemies (Forbes.com).† Although economically fracking is a positive thing, there are many disadvantages to the process. Some of these disadvantaged to Hydraulic Fracturing are water contamination, methane and air pollution, andShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Hydraulic Fracking On The Oil And Gas Industry1044 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Hydraulic Fracking is an oil and gas extraction process used in the past 60 years. The process consists of drilling the underground until reach a shale layer, and them a high-pressure fracking fluid is injecting in this hole to fracture the rock underground, which will provide oil and gas to be extracted. As a huge extraction process it requires large quantities of water, sand and chemicals, which are to produce the fracking fluid, and in most of the cases all this water and chemicalsRead MoreThe Economic Report On Fracking, Is It Worth It?1465 Words   |  6 PagesWeekly Economic Report Fracking, is it Worth it? Ron Withall Business 630, Dr. Lynn Reaser SUBJECT Our dependence on foreign oil and natural gas has created a vulnerability affecting our national security and economic stability. Up until this past decade there was an appreciable decline in our oil and natural gas production in the US and we were tied to world market price fluctuations. Oil prices and natural gas prices rose and fell based on OPEC’s and other large oil and natural gas producers’Read MoreHydraulic Fracturing, or â€Å"Fracking†, is questionable in many people’s eyes. The â€Å"Why† â€Å"How†1700 Words   |  7 PagesHydraulic Fracturing, or â€Å"Fracking†, is questionable in many people’s eyes. The â€Å"Why† â€Å"How† comes up often when hydraulic fracturing is mentioned. Fracking has been tested and proven to be an environmental safe process. Introduced in the 1940’s, hydraulic fracturing has discovered a considerable amount of oil and clean-burning natural gas from underneath t he earth’s surface. Fracking contributes in providing well-needed resources from the earth’s surface to increase our country’s energy securityRead MoreA Brief Note On Texas s Fracking Conflict1076 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Texas’s Fracking Conflict One of the issues that Texas is currently facing is rooted in a populous industry, fracking. Texas has always been known for being oil and gas friendly, but cities are becoming weary about this industry invading highly populated suburban areas. While local governments have been able to block out drilling and gas wells for some time now, the state has taken a position that is becoming increasingly supportive of the oil and gas industry. To define fracking in latent termsRead MoreFracking And Its Early Technological Advancements1564 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Contents Introduction 1 What is Hydraulic Fracking? 2 The Roberts Torpedo, 1864 3 Kelpper Well No. 1, 1947 5 Hydrafrac, 1949 6 The Growth of Hydrafrac, 1949 - 1954 8 Introduction Hydraulic fracking (‘Fracking’) dominates the US oil and gas industry. Although it is currently a politically dividing topic due to environmental concerns (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2010), the concept behind fracking has been around for over 150 years (Roberts, 1866), and has beenRead MoreThe Oil And Natural Gas Industries1686 Words   |  7 Pages Around the globe, the oil and natural gas industries are a major part of stable and growing economies, as well as, the individual lives of most people. As individuals we use it to run our vehicles, heat our homes, cook, and much more. Economies, on the other hand, rely on the oil and natural gas industries for the jobs they create, the product they supply, and the added value created by government revenues. In 2011, these industries in the United States made up 5.6 percent of the nation’s totalRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Fracking Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pagesand sought after commodities. Who s upplies it and how much they supply determines how much influence they have over other countries as well as the global economy. This is why hydraulic fracturing is currently such an important and controversial topic in the United States. Hydraulic fracturing, more commonly known as fracking or hydrofracturing, is the process of using pressurized liquids to fracture rocks and release hydrocarbons such as shale gas, which burns more efficiently than coal. This boomingRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing And Its Effects On The Environment1737 Words   |  7 PagesHydraulic Fracturing has led to less cases of contamination than any other method of oil extraction, which is contrary to popular belief. There have been many useful regulations that turned a once feared industry to an environmentally safe, highly profitable industry. Hydraulic Fracturing is worth the risks it poses on the environment, because it will bolster the U.S. economy and foreign policy, provide billions of Petroleum barrel s and trillions of square feet of natural gas, and it is not as harmfulRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing Has Recently Grown In Popularity As1516 Words   |  7 PagesHydraulic fracturing has recently grown in popularity as a means of energy production. There are advantages and disadvantages, mainly relating to the environment and the economy, of this industry. Although there are pros and cons to both sides of the issue, a compromise needs to be found for both the safety of the environment and to be able to support affordable energy production. Hydraulic fracturing, as an industry, has had a large economic impact by creating jobs. Using natural gas from hydraulicRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing And Its Effects On The Environment1087 Words   |  5 Pages Hydraulic Fracturing Maya Murray Mr. Iwasaki Chun MYP Chemistry Essay 3 May 2015 Maya Murray Mr. Iwasaki Chun MYP Chemistry 3 May 2015 Hydraulic Fracturing â€Å"Our country will have drilled and fracked our way down a blind alley for a short lived energy boom† (qtd. In †¦). Hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, is the process of drilling and injecting fluid into the ground at high pressure in order to fracture shale rocks to release natural gases inside. Many people are referring

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Manage corporate citizenship and sustainable - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Manage corporate citizenship and sustainable. Answer: New Marketing Realities It is evaluated that without marketing no business can survive for a long time in the competitive environment. Marketing is important for every organization so that the activities can be conducted in a smooth manner. To achieve large market share it is evaluated that company should focus on proper marketing. By conducting proper marketing the customers can easily know about the products and services. Marketing realities can be discussed by giving focus on the key factors. The key factors are: Competition Competition is considered as an essential aspect when the company wants to enhance its operations in the market. As it is seen that the competition level is not decreasing day by day but it is enhancing day by day. The rise in the level of competition has given negative impact on the overall performance level of the organization. For giving information to the customers proper advertisements should be taken into consideration. To sustain for a long time in the competitive market, the company should those strategies that help the company to grow in the market. Proper and effective strategies if considered can also give enhancement to the overall objective of the organization. Globalization It is the important factor that is considered under the market realities. The company can increase the overall profitability by globalization. By globalization the products and services in the market the company can easily enhance the growth in the market share. This can also help to attain large market share globally. The process of globalization if considered by the organization gives direct impact on the profitability and revenue of the organization. Globalization has a linkage with many countries and also it assists and supports the activities of the organization (Crane and Matten, 2016). By giving emphasis to the marketing realities it is evaluated that now a day's the main emphasis of the customers is on buying the products and services online. There are many online websites that offer products and services at low cost and also with various attractive offers and discounts (Dunning, 2014).Online shopping assists the company to consider a large number of the consumers so that the knowledge of customers can be increased. It also helps to the company to induce customers to purchase the products and services in an effective manner (Baylis, 2017). Technology By giving emphasis to latest technology it is analyzed that the company can attain goals and objectives of proper technology is considered for conducting the operations of the organization. Marketing has the proper connection with the technology. As it is seen that company can operate the activities so that the overall goals and objective of the company can be attained. If the company considers the latest technology then the overall productivity level is also enhanced with the increase in overall profitability of the organization. The products that are manufactured in a long time can be manufactured in less time if latest technology is adopted by the organization. So the main focus of the company should be adopting the new technology in the market so that the products can be manufactured in a proper way and in less time (Sheth and Sisodia, 2015). Change in Future The 3 key factors can also bring a drastic change in future if they are considered by the organization in a proper manner. The key factors are Competition, globalization, and technology. Competition Competition brings a drastic change in future. Due to the increase in competition level the company should consider proper strategies to survive in the competitive environment. If the strategies that the company considers are not effective, then it can create problem to accomplish goals and objectives (Pieterse, 2015). Globalization This is the factor that helps the companies' to increase the strategies related to marketing so that the profits can be achieved. Globalization can offer the products and services worldwide (Amin, 2014). Technology The latest technology can bring change in the overall sales of the products and services. It is evaluated that the technology helps the organization to increase the goodwill in the market. If the organizations have proper strategies then the activities can be conducted in a smooth manner. A large number of customers can be attracted towards the products and services and in less time (Lusch and Vargo, 2014). Forces that affect marketing Technological factor It is seen that the demand of the product can be increased by taking into consideration latest technologies. If the organization does not consider the latest technology, then it can be difficult to survive for long-term in the market. To enhance the productivity level and also to increase the overall sales of the company t is important to consider proper marketing strategies. If the promotion of the products and services is not done on a social platform, then it can give negative outcome to the company. So, it is important to give emphasis to the latest technology so that the products and services can be promoted (McCaffrey et al.., 2016). Increase in the competition level Marketing is known as an important part of the company. Marketing should be done properly so that marketing can be successfully implemented. Marketing helps the consumers to know about the products and services available in the market. By considering the latest technology the companies can easily compete in the competitive environment. Proper strategies are also essential for the organization so that the operations can be operated smoothly (Hunt, 2014). Social-cultural factors Marketing is also affected by the socio-cultural. To conduct proper marketing it is essential to analyze the needs and requirements of the society so that proper activities can be operated. Marketing is done by taking into consideration the social-cultural factor that increases the sales and profitability of the company. The promotion of the products on a social platform can give direct impact on marketing (Kawsar and Raj, 2017). Cadbury Dairy Milk The discussion will be made on Cadbury Dairy Milk. The discussion will be made by considering the Cadbury Dairy Milk. The main emphasis given by the company is on targeting the individuals who are of age 10 to 75. It is analyzed that Cadbury Dairy Milk enhances the satisfaction level of the customers. Positive image can be evaluated to attain profitability. The age group on which focus is given varies from 10 to 75. The market share is attained by the company just because of good taste and quality. The demand for the chocolate is more as the company takes into consideration proper strategies that help to increase the sales (Payaud, 2014). The sales can be increased if the company gives emphasis on teenagers. If the focus is given by the company on the increasing the profits then it can be evaluated that the objectives are attained in a proper manner. Cadbury Dairy Milk tries to increase the goodwill in the market by offering discounts on the occasions and also a variety of different chocolates and packaging so that customer gets induced to purchase the product. Blackberry It is unsuccessful brand in the market. The company has not taken into consideration proper strategies to increase the demand for the products among the customers. The company is not able to attain growth in the market. It is analyzed that the organization gives focus on targeting the teenagers but the features given in the products are not according to the expectation level of the customers (Solomon, 2014). The products offered in the market are not according to the needs of the customers. The customer gives emphasis to the prices before purchasing a product form the market. The prices of the products are also high. At the same price, another brand like Samsung offers proper features. To compete in the market it is analyzed that effective strategies should be considered so that the company can conduct the activities for the long term. Blackberry should try to offers products at low cost so those customers get attracted towards the products. So, to accomplish the goals and objectives the company should consider the strategies so that the goodwill can be maintained in the market. To attain success it is essential to consider proper strategies. The company should also offer discounts and offers to introduce the new products in the market. Marketing is one of the important factors that should be considered by every company so that the activities can be conducted in a smooth manner. If the products and services offered by the company are not successful in the market, then it can give positive impact or the company has to face a huge loss. So, proper promotional strategies should be considered to enhance the overall sales. References Amin, S., 2014.Capitalism in the age of globalization: The management of contemporary society. Zed Books Ltd.. Baylis, J., Owens, P. and Smith, S. eds., 2017.The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Dunning, J.H., 2014.The Globalization of Business (Routledge Revivals): The Challenge of the 1990s. Routledge. Hunt, S.D., 2014.Marketing theory: foundations, controversy, strategy, and resource-advantage theory. Routledge. Kawsar, M.D. and Raj, R., 2017. Customer Relationship Marketing Tool for Growth of Religious Tourism Business: An Islamic perspective. Lusch, R.F. and Vargo, S.L., 2014.The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. McCaffrey, J., Martin, L., Brooks, A., Fischer, J.A., Mehta, M., Peralta, B. and Scott, A., 2016. Technology Usage and Preference for Nutrition Information via Technology in Low Socioeconomic Status Individuals.Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior,48(7), pp.S55-S56. Payaud, M.A., 2014. Marketing strategies at the bottom of the pyramid: Examples from Nestle, Danone, and Procter Gamble.Global Business and Organizational Excellence,33(2), pp.51-63. Pieterse, J.N., 2015.Globalization and culture: Global mlange. Rowman Littlefield. Sheth, J.N. and Sisodia, R.S., 2015.Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Early Number Counting

Question: Discuss about theEarly Numberfor Counting. Answer: Introduction Counting an object twice: many times when children begin to learn counting, it is possible that they often name one object more than once. As a result, one object can be counted more than once. It takes time for children to learn the art of saying one word and pointing at one object and then repeating the same object and says a different number name. as stated in the Australian Curriculum, each other must be counted only once and the order of arrangement does not affect how many they are (ACARA, 2013). Given that the items were not placed in some patterns, a possibility of mixed up can make a child to count one item twice. This could have been one of the mistakes that Lizzie made in the process of counting the plastic dinosaurs. She did not establish one-to-one correspondence. Lizzie must have had momentary lack of attention to note the dinosaurs that she already counted (Reys et al 2009, pg 151). Non-convectional sequencing: In this case, a child begins to count number and skips the correct sequence. For example, counting up to ten then move to twelve then fourteen and skips 15 and 16 and says 17. This is a common error for many children in counting numbers beyond 10. The unique sequence in the teens poses a challenge of counting (ACARA, 2013). Lizzie must have missed the sequences in the teens and thus got 17 instead of 13 that was there. With non-convectional sequencing, children often count numbers that are easy for them to pronounce and ignore others that appear difficult to pronounce. It is common for children to say non-convectional number names. This also reflects the struggle that children go through to remember the number names and the order (Reys et al 2009, pg 148). Rote counting: in this case, a child knows the correct counting sequence but is unable to maintain the correct correspondence between the number names and the objects being counted. As a result, the counter will often say the number names faster than he or she points the actual objects so that the numbers names are not in coordination with the dinosaurs that are being counted. Rote counters may also point faster than they say the number names. In this case, Lizzie must have committed the first error. That is, she said the number names faster than she was pointing to the dinosaurs thus counted four extra. Rote counting affects many children in the elementary stage. Encouraging them to slow down would help improve counting skills (Reys et al 2009, pg 151). Coordination error: In this case, a child continues to count even after touching the last item or not counting until the first item is touched. In either case, there will be an undercount or over-count. In the case of Lizzie, she did an over-count. The problem could have resulted from coordination of the items and the names way after the items are over. Sometimes, children also do repeat counting till they fill they have counted all the items. After counting up to thirteen, Lizzie could have repeated counting four more objects resulting into 17 dinosaurs. The problem could have also been escalated by the fact that the dinosaurs were randomly scattered before so the possibility of repetition was very high (Reys et al 2009, pg 148). Reference List ACARA. (2013). The Australian Curriculum | Version 4.2 dated Thursday, Reys et al, 2009. Counting and number sense in early childhood andprimary years.NY: John Wesley Sons, pg 139-164.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Storytelling How Effective it is as a Tool to Foster Childrens Engagement in Literacy Essay Example

Storytelling: How Effective it is as a Tool to Foster Childrens Engagement in Literacy Essay Even as the idea that the advent of sophisticated toys and digital programs have scored over the age-old storytelling as means of fostering childrens engagement in literacy continues to influence new parents, storytelling is still considered as the best method by many. What makes it so different from its new challengers? How far can it be used and what are the ways to achieve best possible results out of it? How it has evolved with time and made itself more equipped with the help of modern technology? This paper probes all these and more towards determining the efficacy of storytelling, before concluding with an approbatory note.The JourneyIn way towards fostering the kids engagement in education, storytelling remains the first and foremost tool since the advent of language, where the senior members of the family would web the stories to the children. That would subtly form the bond between generations, let alone evoking the ideas of the little, virgin minds to the nuances of the sur roundings as well as the world beyond that.It is the keenness of the children to listen to the stories, their eagerness to learn and probe about life and events on earth and beyond gradually made the early storytellers to formulate certain line of action – such as, incorporating certain values and certain do-s and donts pertaining to better living within the folds of fantasy, adventure or human-interest stories. This way, the primary concept of keeping children engaged at home to safety gradually took turns towards preparing them for the greater world. This pattern got crystallized from the print era, and the print world continued to dominate freely till it faced competition from the audio and video versions of it.New BendThough at the early stages of storytelling, there was not much emphasis on literacy learning, i.e., stressing on fostering the ability to read and write among the children, with time, storytelling added this prime responsibility of citizen-building into its fold, which now has become an inseparable part of the society. It is now treated as an extremely important tool to equip children in reading and writing before they are inducted into school, besides preparing them to express their own ideas symbolically or exchange ideas with peers or the adults. Alongside, storytelling has to add another responsibility in its bag: that is, to imbibe the computer literacy in them.Current SituationSince the concept of joint family has been on the wane, in walked the preparatory schools for the children to do the job. Again, with the advent of digital media, the children started having the scope of a storyteller in the audio mediums, and later in the audio-visual mediums as well. Now the technology has come of the age to play the social role too, as there are many digital peers with their bag of stories are out in the market. These are animated creatures made according to the likes of the children.The Greenroom of StorytellingIt might look like a vast storeroom of various bridges to an imaginative eye – where each of the bridges is made up of one or the other essential knowledge for the young mind – Covering all possible branches of it. All the bridges are decorated beautifully – that is, done up with elements that are bound to catch and sustain the interest of children to walk along the bridge, albeit unknowingly. Divine bait, one can say, to see the future citizens up and ready to take up the cudgels of the future world!How the Greenroom EvolvedThe research on storytelling would be never-ending, all because of its proven power of reaching childrens mind and bringing in the desired feedback from them. A good many theories have also come into being, such as Emergent Theory (Teal ; Sulzby, 1986).This theory stresses on gradual learning process of the children from infancy. This concept goes for concurrent development of language through a wide range of variation applied at various ages of the children. It ext ends its classroom beyond the formalities and walls.Besides this, Whitehurst and Lonigan (1998) distinguished between the inside-out and outside-in skills of literacy. The former refers to the childrens ability to decode the information in a sentence, while the later points at the ability to comprehend the meaning of the sentence from a context. It is the development of the later that matters most in life, as it deals with comprehension and expression in all areas of life.While a group of researchers have dedicated themselves to find the relationship between storytelling and the taxonomic nuances of cognitive progression, some others have devoted themselves in devising instruments to empower storytelling to foster all levels of cognitive progression in the children.Thus the digital media with its array of avenues have come out with many forms of storytelling, which are packed with features that are capable to entice, educate and entertain the little ones in one go! In todays world, computer characters (the storyteller) and pedagogical applications prove to be a perfect match (Maldonado, 2007).ImpactAlthough the quest to find the facts behind the efficacy of storytelling in literacy will ever be on, current research findings already suggest that storytelling stimulates the imagination besides helping to increase vocabularies and introducing them to the elements of the stories. (National Education Goals Panel 1997; Moss and Fawcett 1995).Young minds tend to switch on their imagination tab with good sparks. Storytelling stimulates auditory or the visual parts at a time or together; in all situations, it is capable of not only grafting the information for future use, but also of sparking the initiative in the children for its improvised usage in the future. Another researcher, Snow (1983), coined the term decontextualized language to identify the language that is not limited to spatial or the historical context. And here the storytelling weaves its magic, as it us es a then-and-there language, which the children pick up from there (Ryokai, K. et al., 2003).Through this, the intangible ideas like values or societal behavioral process can easily get into their perception. It also enhances the scope of interpersonal communication, besides providing the scope of peer-discussion in case of collective participation in a storytelling session.Emotive characters enhance the learning process. Storytelling almost always banks on the various shades of emotion. This raises a question about the efficacy of the modern-day virtual peers or the animated storytellers of the digital media. Are they capable of rising to the rank of human storytellers?The research findings, say yes, under certain conditions, they are! Researchers Marita Jong and Adriana G. have come out with their findings, where they are convinced that even pre-readers can become acquainted with new stories (Jong, 2007).Recognition of StorytellingGoal One of the National Education Goals recogniz es the importance of family/child engagement in literacy activities to children’s learning and readiness for school. The goal suggests that for all children in America to start school ready to learn, parents need to devote time each day to teaching them (Nord et al, 1999). This in turn recognizes the storytelling as the prime tool towards fostering literacy among children.DiscussionStories are the fragmented reflections of the world and its subjects and their actions and or reactions in a package that educates, informs and entertains the children. Such a package, if formulated rightly, is bound to evoke interest among the children. Such a package makes things easier towards fostering literacy among the children, as here they get close to it rather involuntarily. In its fold, storytelling can cover the entire gamut of knowledge a child requires to know and pass it on without any routine curriculum. Thus, storytelling can easily be termed as the most carefree means of fostering literacy in children.   And for the present times, storytelling has consolidated its position further through its digital avatar. Researches tell about their high degree of acceptance in the children, and thus its pedagogical application is on the rise. Even in the distant learning system, or online literacy programs, these story-packed CD-ROMs or the DVD-ROMs form an integral part of the process (Hodgson, 2005).The growing numbers of unit family has heightened storytellings significance. Gone are the days of a joint family, when the grandpa or the grandma would satiate the craving for listening to stories for their grandchildren. It is now mostly the case of Home Alone for the children worldwide. This big and dangerous void is somewhat filled up by these digital storytelling systems or attractively printed books.CONCLUSIONJudging from all aspects, it is clear that storytelling does all what it is needed to foster literacy in the children, and under the present situation, it is e ven doing more than expected, thanks to the advent of the new technology.Ranging from supplying the creative juices to providing company to the children, storytelling has now become an integral part of the life of children, let alone harnessing the literacy acumen. Thus this ancient, sublime learning system for the little ones should always be treated with care. Because, it would always remain a truth that children have to know about the past, apply that knowledge to the present and be equipped to meet the challenges of life – not to mention about contributing to the future of the world. This legacy would go on, and storytelling would ever remain a potent catalyst in the chemistry of communication among the past, present and future course of civilization! This idea again brings back the imagined picture of those tiny knowledge bridges, but in a new avatar – In the final round of imagination, all those bridges from the storytelling greenroom magically merge into one big bridge between the future citizens and the earth!

Sunday, November 24, 2019

domestic terrorism essays

domestic terrorism essays Trent Kenmai 5/15/00 Over the past few years a new threat has been encountered by the United States. This threat does not come from away, but from within. It is know as domestic terrorism. This has been seen over the past decade in the form of violence and terrorism across the United States. This has become a threat to American security and the American people in general. To battle against this issue, Congress has upheld the Anti-Terrorism Act in 1996. One of the best examples on examining these acts of uproar can be viewed, seen and understood by studying the case of the Oklahoma bombing which occurred in 1996. Major newspaper headlines have also described the World Trade Center bombing, the Unabombers arrest, and Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta as other major cases. All this demonstrates how sinister1 terrorism is in American society. This paper will explain background data on anarchy/terrorism, case studies including the Oklahoma bombing, governments reaction toward terrorism. In addition terrorism now and the A number of terrorist attacks in the 1990s have brought the fear to the public, giving rise to vulnerability2 between many Americans. Most terrorist incidents in the United States have been bombing attacks, involving detonated and undetonated explosive devices, tear gas and pipe and fire bombs. The effects of terrorism can cause loss of life and injuries to property damage and disruptions in services such as electricity, water supply, public transportation and communications. The dictionary defines terrorism as n. the policy of using acts to inspiring terror as a method of ruling or of conducting political opposition. though terrorism can be expressed in two ways. Domestic terrorism involves groups or individuals whose terrorist acts are directed at situations of our government or population without unknown wa...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Identification Process Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Identification Process - Assignment Example Such behaviors like initiating interactions and engagements to conversations. A schedule of interaction is developed based on the times and the student needs. The social educator and colleagues identify methods for promoting and reinforcing the crucial students’ social interactions (Heller and Albert 1). Educators provide an ongoing support to peers through problem-solving meetings held in every week. Classroom teachers may be included if the peer support interventions are being put into practice during their class period. The purpose of these practices is to provide encouragements for peer involvement and input as well as minimizing the educator’s role in scheduling and identifying interaction strategies. Although an educator conducts the session, peers are actively involved through open discussions and problem solving. A certain format is recommended to assist in organizing each session (Heller and Albert 1).

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Applied Managerial Marketing- Phase 1 DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applied Managerial Marketing- Phase 1 DB - Essay Example lly-relevant campaigns such as "Give Your Two Cents Worth" concept as part of its Childrens Safe Drinking Water campaign and the newly-introduced Pampers ® Tetanus Vaccination Campaign in cooperation with UNICEF. The press release talks about P&G to increase funding and scope for its Live, Learn and Thriveâ„ ¢ partnership with the Clinton Global Initiative (CGI). When viewed from a larger perspective, the press release is one of the tools in P&G’s integrated marketing communications mix, under Public Relations. The communications strategy used in this case is ‘affective strategy’—mentioned by Pickton and Broderick as adopted from the creative strategies identified by Patti and Frazer, (2002, p. 424) that â€Å"invokes involvement and emotion†¦ [And] Not usually associated with ‘selling’ emphasis†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The press release entitled â€Å"New Water Purification Product from Reliance Products and Procter & Gamble now Available in Retail Stores† dated last February 14 is about a new product introduction by Reliance Products, L.P. and P&G--PUR Purifier of Water technology, a powdered water clarifier and disinfectant designed for outdoor recreation and emergency preparedness use. The press release serves to introduce the product to the public by educating the masses about its benefits—it provides clean drinking water at a very low cost per liter, and can be purchased in complete water treatment kits, or as additional replacement treatment packs. The press release has been used, in integration with the other marketing communications elements such as sales promotions. In contrast to the previous press release mentioned, this one uses an ‘informational strategy’ as identified by Pickton and Broderick (2002, p. 426), which primary aim is to educate and give details to convey pieces of information. While a press release is just one of the tools which aim is to work in harmony with the other elements of the integrated communications mix of a company, P&G has been

Monday, November 18, 2019

The University of North Carolina maintains a website, Documenting the Essay

The University of North Carolina maintains a website, Documenting the American South, which contains an excellent collection of - Essay Example There are also different challenges facing slaves evident from the narrative; Aaron is lamenting waiting for relief help from well-wishers such as Priests and Levites. It pains to see how he among other slaves suffers in the hands of slaveholders as the congress continues with its process regardless of the issues affecting slaves. However, he is grateful because he is alive seeing a new day as he struggle to fight slavery (Morawsk and Smith, 2000). How did masters maintain the institution of slavery? Oppression was one of the ways used by masters to maintain slaves in slavery. A slave was subjected to torture through thorough beating if they tempted to quit. This made most of the slaves submit as they feared death or other mistreatment from resisting forced labor. Examples of areas where slaves suffered were in the south and the north in the hands of slaveholders, who tied up their slaves for whipping and torture yet they had done nothing. What tactics did they use to enslave other h uman beings? One of the common tactics used by masters to enslave people is bribing friends or relatives; they would go kidnap people and later sell them to slaveholders. An ideal example is the family that was taken away by their cousin at midnight and sold into slavery back in 1834. The other example is the white man sold his three daughters after selling his wife to slavery. This was one of the challenging and painful issues taking place in slavery; people betraying their relatives into slavery for money in quite inhuman. There are also cases where people captured strangers, and sold them to slavery; this is in instances where they met them stranded in their activities or on their way attending to their issues. Arabs were the communities known to practice such activities (Morawsk and Smith, 2000). Another tactic used by slaveholders to keep slaves was making them ignorant of their status. This is by building the thought that slavery is a natural state of being. Most of blacks in the narrative depict a thought that blacks have no capacity of taking part in civil societies in America. Through this, the white gathered courage to oppress the blacks by making them their servants. In slavery, slave children were denied a chance to education as this would make them have the capacity to read and write and this would be a challenge to the slaveholders. This is the reason why Aaron is an illiterate; this denied him a chance to evaluate the state of self-sufficiency and capability. If these slaves had the basis knowledge, they would question the dominance of whites over blacks. Slaveholders also took illiteracy to ensure that the life of slaves did not reach authorities who were against slavery. From this, slaves should seek education, as this is a gateway to freedom. Communication is also significant, as this would mobilize slaves in opposing oppression by slave-masters (Morawsk and Smith, 2000). Most slaveholders were strong Christians. They had buried their evil di d in church thus blinding slaves; most slaves were also Christian therefore found it wired to fight their own religious leaders. This fact also barred the thought that slavery was an unchristian practice following the fact that most of the slave masters were religious leaders. This tactic made slavery prevail in the south as well as in the north despite the fact that it was an era where Christianity was gaining popularity among different communities. Christianity also blinded slaves because they had a strong faith thus

Friday, November 15, 2019

Risk Management Functions in Healthcare Organisation

Risk Management Functions in Healthcare Organisation Cloudette Ann F. Sun The main purpose of this report is to examine and discuss the role of risk management function within an organization and assess the policies and procedures against strategic and operational healthcare business functions. INTRODUCTION In a corporate world there is a need to maintain the continuous assurance of success and achieving the desired goals of the company. As businesses start to develop and grow, it has become essential for these companies to identify risks that might hinder their growth and possibly decrease profit. This has made the introduction of risk management very imperative in the organization. To prevent financial crises, an enterprise must have strong footing on the theory of risk management, beginning with anticipating or finding possible risks, discovery of ways to reduce them and to implementation of guidelines to diminish these threats and to increase the development of the enterprise. This paper offers a balance of essential information and indicators on how the management of risk in a financial institution takes place, its benefits and components. ROLES OF RISK MANAGMENT FUNCTIONS IN AN ORGANISATION Examine and discuss the purpose of risk management within an enterprise. Risk management has been defined by ISO 31000 (2009) as principles and guidelines. It provides principles, framework and a process for managing risk. In a financial institution it can be used in risk planning, risk assessment, risk handling and risk monitoring. Once a risk have been identified, a detailed description of this risk should be taken into account; from likelihood of occurrence, its impact as well as taking into consideration the cost, scope frequency and other factors that might contribute to that risk. Within that framework of thought onto the concise analysis of the risk identified, a response plan should or will be developed. This part may take up a lot of time and be given a longer time frame within the process for these may undergo trial milestones or surveys. As these trial plans on reducing risks are taking place, it is the responsibility of the enterprise to initiate an immediate response plan before a concrete procedure or plan has been developed to reduction or risks. Relevant communication between all parties involved should be implemented and consultation with the assigned departments should hasten this process. Implementation of procedures on risk management then follows with the continual reassessment or monitoring of the effects or outcome of the procedures to the expected drop of risk on the enterprise. A framework on the implementation and review on the procedures should be properly documented as to gauge the effectiveness of the plan being instigated. It is vital that risk management will always be a continuous process in an evolving and developing financial institution. Examine and discuss the benefits of risk management within an enterprise As business institutions develop and grown, inevitable risk unceasingly evolves and this makes enterprises agree on the benefits of the continual process on managing these risks. This makes it beneficial for the development of a culture of the company and the education of the members of different departments affected by the risks involved. Cultural development evolves for the better as monitoring of the best possible way to diminish risk and with the end benefit of increasing profit always takes place. Board members of the enterprise create programmes for the betterment of the employees and for the survival of their company. Information dissemination also takes place as individuals in the company are being educated on the solvency plans undertaking in minimizing risks. This also pushes financial institution to their regulatory developments. On the same note, accurate bookkeeping of investments, risks, uncertainties and management decisions are made with the help of the process of risk management. This makes it easier for future references on the recurrence of another or similar risks evolvements. With the precise documentation at hand for reference, minimal cost could be implemented for potential risks and there is a rise in confidence in how the enterprise would manage as contingency plans are already being regulated and suitable analysis of data are already considered by the management. This could ultimately promote good governance within the company. In addition, the achievement of the main goal of any business institution is the control on the financial risk or the implementation on the minimal costs of the enterprise. As an effect, this ultimately increases the company’s ability to increase incentives and in return employees provide their best efforts making which as well makes not only the employers but also the consumers confident and happy in their purchase. Reviewing of Activities and Internal Environment In the process of managing risk the main and primary goal is reviewing or to decipher the movements and internal environment that affects the risk. As corporations tend to grow big a lot of factors tend to taken into consideration. In the internal environment, risks can happen in a lot of areas including in the management of human resource and proper communication within the employees and within the different departments. It is quite difficult to handle a company especially with different backgrounds and settling of varied cultures. This also does not limit to such and includes with the development of technology and research. This has become extremely important with the fast developments of technology in the last years and the continuous improvement of our gadgets and machinery. Another would be with regards to the health, environment and safety of every individual contributing to the advancement of the financial institution. This essentially becomes the primary contribution of the working power that a company holds and eventually assures the continuous production and process of the enterprise. Setting Objectives Evidently it has become widely known that setting objectives by most companies are through guidance of the principle that it must be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bounded. Specific objectives are focused on the particular risk that is being currently examined wherein a detailed description of the risk that hinders the growth of the company is taking place. Having a definite objective guides the enterprise on knowing whether the goal has been achieved. A vague description of one’s objective automatically hinders the company to the continuous process on managing the risk. Measurable objectives give economic reasons of the financial institution for it to continue on the management of their risks. This ultimately sets and gauges if the objectives that have been set are accomplished or there is still a need for improvement. Achievable goals are being set, in which right from the start; the company has already taken into consideration its competencies and its marketing capabilities to the assurance that the objectives being set will be accomplished. Realistic objectives mean that a proper assessment and evaluation has been made within the firm its ability from resources management, competitors, market value and employee before setting a time frame. Time bounded goals keep the company in the right tract and to continually pressure the organization to meet the set time frame. Event Identification Event identification of risk is considered still to be a continual process on building the framework needed for management of risks. Implementation of controls is necessary to help alleviate risks that have already been identified as decreasing the reoccurrence of risks. This as well creates a venue for having the company being able monitor risks and build up parameters for these risks to be properly monitored. This clearly shows that event identification goes together with proper governance of managing risks especially associated with the objectives specifically set by the enterprise. For it to properly identify the event, it must eventually be flexible framework in which has been appropriately interrelated with the objectives. Risk assessment with particular reference to the impact and likelihood of risk The assessment of risk can be associated with their severe, significant, moderate, minor or minimal on the scale of every enterprise. A severe risk assessment would mean have great impact on its ability to meet its desired objective, but this may however reduce one or more of its objectives not to be achieved. In a significant assessment, although there is a significant effect on the outcomes set on the goals; there would be some goals that will be below what it is desired. Moderate assessment has adequate impact on the objectives but may cause some outcomes to be just in the acceptable level. Minor assessments have less influence on the objective causing outcomes to be below the acceptablelevel. Minimal assessments have little or no influence at all on the set objectives of the financial institution on the management of their risks. Risk Response Plan Risk response plan guides in analysing and identifying the risks and integration to planned objectives using the smart principles for main goal in mind for the increase in profit of the company. In the risk response plan, there must be proper integration of the knowledge within the objective. Proper integration with the objectives definitely requires the appropriate allocation of the resources at hand and careful planning including the review of previous similar risks. The scope must also be correct in definition wherein its control and quality are defined adequately. Time allocation is very important as well, for this may guarantee increase of risks; example would be the early distribution of some competitive products in the market. This happens when there is the exact estimation of time and the availability of the resources at hand. Cost effectiveness is vital as part of the risk response plan in which errors are being estimated, any changes in the contingency plan are calculated, as well as maintaining and acquisition of goods. Assuring the quality of the developed plan to control risk is essential. A standardization of the equipment, how it is being processed and the uni queness of the product is critically established. A leadership plan along with the objective becomes extremely necessary, because it all springs from proper leadership skills, with the definition of the responsibilities of each individual included in the plan. This also decreases any conflict arising within the management and increases productivity and organization of the set planned objectives in minimizing risks. Along with this, sets par with excellent communication between the team. This paves the way for the contribution of ideas from different departments and consultation from stakeholders. While developing the risk plan, unforeseeable conditions must also be taken into consideration and be part of the margin of error. Control Activities In an organization control activities are usually planned by the upper management headed by the chief executives. Controls given to the process level or on how the management is being governed and how the risk assessment plan is implemented are considered to be entity-wide controls. For the effectiveness of the plan identified by the management, control policies are being developed. Soft control are done with the â€Å"people† of the organization, which means knowing what really is the situation and eventually promotes open communication, shared values and their commitment with competitiveness. Hard Controls are instigated on the activities planned by the higher management. This could mean strict implementation of the policies, proper review of and inspection of the process and the appropriate structure of the organization. Information and Communication In forming a corporate strategy it is imperative that there is a continuous learning process and proper relay of information within the management and stakeholders. It starts with setting context of the risk involved with the suitable plan involved. It is now through proper dissemination that desired results will be achieved by the financial institution. There must be a constant interaction and dialogue between the stakeholders of the company. It is also the responsibility of the organization to uphold trainings and seminars to keep the employees abreast with the current trend and the plans of the company. Monitoring Kim Heldman (2005) defines monitoring as an activity that collects information, documents each findings and reporting them to the management. This is the phase wherein there is a continuous check of how the risk has been solved or managed and if there is a need for contingency plan to be differed and be reassessed again. Constant monitoring of the guidelines and limits ensures compliance within the organization. Proper consolidation of reports should be made to be reported by the upper management and keep as reference for foreseeable risks as well as unforeseeable. CONCLUSION Therefore, I believe although some financial institutions make not take risk management seriously but the benefits greatly outweigh any financial risks that the company might experience in the future. Financial institutions should ground themselves with the process of risk management. From creating organizational objectives with the smart principle, implementation of these strategies and to assessing the outcome of the plan made for the risks to be minimized. It should also bear in mind that continuous learning and communication within the organization is vital for the enhancement of the institution. Risk management is a process that involves assessment, evaluation, managing and measuring of risks involved in an enterprise. Through risk management the implementation of standardization have been developed in business institutions in our society. BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Heldman, K. Project Manager’s Spotlight on Risk Management.1st edition. Sybex Inc. United States of America. 2005 Wu, D. D. Modeling Risk Management in Suitable Construction. 1st edition. Springer Publications. Germany. 2011. Electronic Sources ISO 31000. (2009).Risk Management. http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso31000.htm European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. Purpose of Risk Assessment. Retrieved from https://osha.europa.eu/en/topics/riskassessment/purpose

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Allys Wisdom :: College Admissions Essays

Ally's Wisdom I have baby-sat Ally, a little girl who has mild autism, for the past several years. She used to only speak a few words and sit still only five minutes at a time. Now she is a child who can talk up a storm and sit with me for hours while we enjoy a video. She is cute, funny, bright, and very caring. Like the rest of us, Ally has her ups and downs. There are moments when she is confident and moments when she is feeling a bit confused. She can be serious or delightfully silly. One thing that distinguishes Ally is the tendency to think in very concrete terms. When she was young, we often played the "What is it?" game. I choose an object; she identified it. The light switch was "light on-off," and the doorknob was "door open-close." At first I thought, "That's not what it's called." Then I realized how arbitrary our conventional labels are. Ally identified things for their purpose and function. Even now when I talk to her on the phone and ask, "What are you doing?", she answers "I'm talking to you." I have realized that if I wanted to know what she was doing before she came to the phone, that's what I should have asked. Sometimes we think we are communicating clearly, when what we say can actually be confusing for others. Ally helped me the most when my grandmother died. She knew that I was upset because she could see that I had been crying. When she asked me what was the matter, I told her I was sad because I missed my grandmother. She looked at me and said, "Why don't you try smiling?" At first I thought that her suggestion was foolish, but I have realized the

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Republic Day Celebration In India Essay

Today is a very special day for all of us, as the whole country celebrates India’s Republic Day with pride remembering our great freedom fighters who have laid their life for our freedom. 26th January, being a very significant date makes us recall the memories of millions of individuals who stood united laying foundation for the growth and development of our nation. The freedom that we enjoy today is the restless effort of millions of men and women who stood strong for a general cause, making India free from foreign domination. Looking back, our country had been laid upon on one of the world’s oldest civilization with a large treasure of experience, knowledge and thoughts contributing a lot for building up this nation. The inspiring words given by our great leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Subhash Chandra Bose, Jawaharlal Nehru and others has not only motivated the people during the colonial period but also motivate the young generation of India to hold the head high and move forward. It is the day on which the Indian constitution came in to being which is considered to the real building block of our country. B.R Ambedkar and Sardar Vallabhai Patel have worked at their best to construct the laws which stays firm uniting us under one flag. During the past years our country had to confront with many obstacles and challenges which have been managed properly in due time. But still there are long lists of problems which have to be handled with care. India had become the home of millions living together with peace and harmony. There are many Indian who have made us proud gaining much recognition listed on top spots and high ranks in various fields. Our country has achieved a prominent position tagging as one of the most active developing country. We have made our presence strong in technology, space exploration and various other fields. During the past the wise decision and well planning by our leaders have brought down the gap between the haves and the have-nots. We still have to confront with crimes, corruption, external and internal terrorism which brings our head down before other countries. Let us strive forward and stand united for the good cause of the development of our nation.

Friday, November 8, 2019

The Roadmap of Aging Essays - Ageing, Gerontology, Old Age

The Roadmap of Aging Essays - Ageing, Gerontology, Old Age Ian J. Wharton HIST 4003- Aging in World History March 10th 2016 The Roadmap of Aging In The Journey of Life by Thomas Cole and "Old Age and the Search for Security, An American Social History" by Carole Haber and Brian Gratton the theme is the roadmap of aging. Both books deal with the concept of aging with some solid opinions on it. On one end Cole speaks on the attitude of aging being deficient while Gratton and Haber seek to challenge the viewpoint of aging. The attitudes during the Calvinist era, the health movement, the evangelical Victoria era and also the Scientific era are all highlighted throughout Cole's reading. While Haber and Gratton speak on wealth, the structures of families, retirement and welfare throughout the preindustrial era, industrial era and the era of social security. To begin, we first need to understand the definition of "old". Webster's dictionary defines old having lived for a long time or no longer young. Now from that definition being old is just something that's apart of life. Cole goes in depth on what "growing old" is all about and how both scientific and medical aspects have brought about change but a bit of "cultural disenfranchisement-a loss of meaning and vital social roles." "Symbolic and cultural improvishment" the eventual drop into poverty is the way that Cole feels old age should be viewed. Not only that but the world we live in sometimes is only focused on how we grow old in the first place. There is a central point in Cole's logic though: That we change our views on aging by melding present and even past ideas. By doing that we then can give the definition of old age more substance rather than it being a sickness. Always in life mindsets can change, which happened quite frequently in aging. The Calvinist era foundation was on the idea of Calvinism which is "the Protestant theological system of John Calvin which develops Luther's doctrine of justification by faith alone and emphasizes the grace of God and the doctrine of predestination." People who believed in Calvinism saw God as not only unpredictable but omnipotent. So the belief was that we can't comprehend what aging is and it should be viewed as a mystery because "God has predetermined the timing and manner of each individual's death". The elderly was highly respected by the Calvinists and aging was viewed as a sacred pilgrimage to God. Both old age and long life were viewed as "God's gifts" rather than rewards for good behavior. Secondly, the viewpoint during the Victorian era went against the Calvinist views of aging being unpredictable. "Individual property and longevity as a reward for proper behavior" was what they believed life was to people. In order to be fully equipped for adulthood it was a must to avoid things like gluttony, luxury and idleness to stay on the straight positive path of success. An aging body and eventual death were viewed as punishment for sin and basically was the blueprint of death. However, the belief that "religion is something to do, not something to wait on" made the big difference between the Victorian era and Calvinism. This time period shows that people wanted to make sure they were apart of their religion rather than waiting for the inevitable. The health movement ironically saw everyone as healthy and if they were not healthy the reason behind it was because they violated natural laws. To add, living for a long time was what anyone should strive for and crave to have for themselves. Ever present today these same ideas of taking care of yourself and having a positive attitude is what the health movement focused on because if it was not done anyone can "quickly fall into sickness or bankruptcy". The scientific era caused hostility and a huge shift of opinions pertaining to aging. "Religious belief was reduced to a minor technique of medical therapeutics". The reason behind it was that of the ideas of reformers that believed that life can be controlled and health can be maintained. This was extremely different from that of other opinions that God had control over life and just caused a lot of division to take place. Now the shift goes

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Coursework Helper Essays

Coursework Helper Essays Coursework Helper Essay Coursework Helper Essay Coursework cure refers to the backing offered to academic works undertaken by a critic throughout a unambiguous period of the course being taken. The master-work required of students all things considered follows a program that comprises of a figure up of prerequisites to accomplished the course. No affair what plane or program the commentator in enrolled in, may it be undergraduate, masters, doctoral or honors programs, provision of fixed efficiency is imperative. There may be unfluctuating instances that the undertaking itself may necessitate aid, compelling students to endeavour help from a tally of sources.The slave away submitted alongside the students may restyle, and may take in essays, assignments, reports, useable and written tests, to style some. The output is then assessed around their teachers or professors, from which a area of their grades will be coming from. This may perhaps be the as a result of why most students rely heavily on these assignments to pass their course s with fair marks. This may also be the saneness why a army of students secure relevant help from people who can refrain from them with their erudite requirements. Another reason why students ask for for support to executed their requirements is the in good time constraint required in favour of by each project. Balancing onea^ˆâ„ ¢s time while in college may test quite difficult in behalf of some because of the collegiate consignment of their courses coupled with the other tasks that they suffer with to perform. A lot of students feel that they can optimize their prematurely, energy and abilities if they look for help from mask sources to assistants them with their load. Commonly, the said requirements are captivated separately from their terminal exams. Thus, students who make over to people who can further them can service perquisites too by giving them more unceasingly a once to converge on their end exams; allowing those who longing remedy them destruction the other requirements through despite the course. Some assignments which can extras greatly from source backing include research composition, scribble literary works dissertations, essays, and words reports, and theoretical at liberty to moniker a few. Students, however, must be careful in choosing who to pivot to when they need help fulfilling their hypothetical requirements. People or companies who offer support to students who need succour in their scholastic shape are a certain extent common. This may be partly because of the costly call for in favour of their services, which is also the case why of people and companies who offers dishonourable services thrive. Students be required to then work out immense care in choosing who to reorganize to. Deficiency to determine competent and credible people and companies who can assistant them with their hypothetical requirements can development to more evil than good. Coursework Writing may be turned to if students believe the essential on the side of it. Students essential be entirely aware in choosing who to certitude though. Although it is kind to attract safe friends and school mates to refer exceptional people or companies who can be of help, they must also remember that what works fabulously in the service of whole may not incontrovertibly work as splendidly quest of him/her. The proper credentials of those who bid their alleviate necessity be reviewed to impel firm that peerless arrogate is offered. Free Online Dating at online personals site Free Online Dating Sites for singles, with personals, and Matchmaking.

Monday, November 4, 2019

How involved should the U.S. be Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How involved should the U.S. be - Coursework Example The Realpolitik Policy According to Holzgrefe and Keohane, realpolitik, as a political ideology, pertains to diplomacy or politics founded mostly on power and other material and practical factors in lieu of explicit moral or ideological principles. Similarly, Baofu associated the policy of realpolitik that integrates the philosophical features of pragmatism and realism, implying that politics is amoral, coercive, or Machiavellian in nature (220). With the terrorist belligerence on the World Trade Center, the U.S. government faced the threat of a prospective fusion of military efforts with enormous weapons of mass destruction, as well as that of religious extremism (Johnston 3). Since WWII ended, the Middle East has been subjected to unrelenting struggle for stability and social order yet the present circumstances pose a challenge in mitigating the threats imposed by the region in the modern history of American politics. To carry out an effective change in the region; however, it is i mperative for the present administration to consider its limitations, especially in terms of organising its strategic approach of materializing its interests in the region (Ross and Jeffrey). Considering that the Middle East has rich oil resources, the U.S. government should adopt realpolitik approach in its foreign policy not only to strengthen its military presence against terrorism, but most especially to protect its interests for oil supply. Contrary to the perceptions of people from other countries, Keck noted that acceptance of American political values may be precluded from adopting a realpolitik foreign policy. In most instances, American hostility toward realism is largely caused by a conflict of its basic values despite their unconsciousness of formulating foreign policies, which are in fact, governed by a realist approach. Although the idealistic and isolationist policies could also be an advantage for the U.S., the merits of adopting a policy founded on realpolitik is mo re appropriate since the Middle East plays a crucial role in American hegemony against the war on terrorism. As an opinion, however, if the U.S. intends to have supremacy of political, social, and economic power on a global scale, it must incorporate a realpolitik approach in their foreign policy to establish positive alliances and materialize their interests in the region. From a political perspective, Miller observed that the U.S. government succeeded in attacking the central operations in Al Qaeda, and this could be mainly attributed to having a pragmatic and realistic approach in their military intervention. In contrast to idealistic policy, which supports liberal principles and democratic ideals (Hancock 39), the realpolitik ideology may facilitate social order in that the U.S. foreign policy promotes a collective effort in securing balance of power in world politics. Meanwhile, the isolationist policy promotes the cessation of US involvement in the Middle East, which is to som e extent, an advantage for the U.S. since this may imply lesser intervention and military conflicts. In this regard, however, the realpolitik approach only views the Middle East as an outlet for the U.S. government to control its interests in the

Friday, November 1, 2019

Effective Leadership and Potential Obstacles Assignment

Effective Leadership and Potential Obstacles - Assignment Example Leaders should be social people (extroverts) and not timid. Since people listen to us, they should focus on the positive rather than the negative. It is also important to differentiate leader`s official duties from his personal life. It is very easy to attack and destroy the reputation of a leader so it is imperative that a leader shy away from situations and individuals who wish to do just that. Self-awareness plays an integral part in each of our lives since it simply makes us aware of whom we are as well as our traits, character, feelings and our desires. Any person with any ambition to become a leader should first identify all these attributes. David Keirsey and Richard L. Daft are the most renowned scholars in the field of effective leadership. They state that every person has four kinds of temperaments, and each of them differs from person to person. They include diplomatic, strategic, logistical and tactical (Keirsey & Marilyn, 20). According to David Keirsey, an individual tends to identify with one temperament and then ranks the rest in second, third and fourth in that order (Keirsey & Marilyn, 1984). As we leaders, I should be able to influence other people into embracing diverse cultures and also influence public opinion. I will gauge my payoff by the number of conflicts I determine as well as how well I do my job without any complaints from my subordinates. As a leader, I am prone to encounter many obstacles along the way from individuals who do not appreciate my leadership roles to those who seek to assume leadership. As a leader, I mostly identify with the diplomatic temperament. This is because I deal with lots of conflicts, and it is my job to come up with solutions to quell these conflicts. If I was to list, how I identify with my temperaments, diplomatic comes first followed by logistical, strategic then tactical. As a leader, I need to improve my feelings and my desires because I tend to become biased when it comes to some  very delicate issues such as discrimination.

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Racial Harmony According to Martin Luther King Essay

Racial Harmony According to Martin Luther King - Essay Example He stated that he dreamt that "little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with the little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers." Direct Action. In one of his letters from Birmingham City Jail, he stated four basic steps to non-violent campaign: 1) Collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; 2) Negotiation; 3) Self-purification; and 4) Direct action. He saw these four basic steps of non-violent campaign as a systematic and rational approach to address conventional violent tension protests. In the same context, King explained that direct action is the non violent protest to negotiate with the reluctance of "city fathers," especially on civil rights issues. In King's view, non-violent direct action could create the same crisis and tension like violent protests - enough for a nation and its officials to pay attention to, like demand for the responsible party, marches, sit-ins, and the like. Biological Basis of Race and Conscience. In one of Martin Luther King's statements titled Trumpet of Conscience, he stated that "many people believe that the urban Negro is too angry and too sophisticated to be nonviolent," implying racial discrimination where black people are believed to be incapable of being diplomatic as to carry out non-violent direct action. ... He is therefore convinced that even very violent temperaments can be channeled through nonviolent discipline, "if the movement is moving, if they can act constructively and express through an effective channel their very legitimate anger." J. Philip Rushton, a psychology professor at University of Western Ontario, in his paper titled, Is there Biological Basis for Race and Racial Differences dated May 28, 2001, said that biological composition has to do with people race. He mentioned brain size, intelligence, temperament, sexual behavior, fertility, growth rate, life span, crime, and family stability. Rushton said, "On average, Orientals are slower to mature, less fertile, and less sexually active, and have larger brains and higher IQ scores. Blacks are at the opposite end in each of these areas. Whites fall in the middle, often close to Orientals." Rushton suggested in his findings that racial balance or harmony as biological basis is lacking or cannot be supported through the very material components of people, as people differences through biological aspects calls for classification such as race. This conflicts with the idea of racial harmony that King envisioned. However, King's principles were the results of his study of social history and philosophical views, as recorded by Doug Linder in Martin Luther King Letter from Birmingham Jail. Accordingly, Luther modeled after Socrates' enforcement of learning his concept of non-violence direct action for creating tension to achieve a certain goal. By this Luther believed that "in creating such tension, society will help men to rise from the dark depths of prejudice and racism to the majestic heights of understanding

Monday, October 28, 2019

The Destructors by Graham Greene Essay Example for Free

The Destructors by Graham Greene Essay The word ‘allegory’ means that which can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning. These are typically moral or politically based works of†¦ writing, in this case. †The Destructors† explores and focuses on the former rather than the latter- the aforementioned ‘morals’. This is majorly done using microcosms to reflect on the condition of England and its people within the actions and thoughts of the characters. It may sound a bit complicated at first, but basically the things that the characters in the story do and see are symbolic of the state of England at the time- after the second world war. Now, coming to the story itself- it follows the Wormsley Common Gang, a group of children living in Eastern London in 1956. The city is basically dreary, bleak, and lacks any type of warmth or compassion. Yep, it’s downright dreadful. â€Å"Beauty† is a thing of the past; unheard of! It is a word that belongs to the â€Å"class world†-which is now a joke, and â€Å"parodied†. This is where the new generation has grown up, and it is all that the children have known. Greene begins the story in an almost childlike tone of voice, and establishes the sense of innocence that should be present in all of the children. But then he goes on to introduce the â€Å"gang† and their lives, forcing the reader to wonder about the circumstances which have led to these young boys acquiring qualities of â€Å"danger†, of the â€Å"unpredictable†. Greene then answers this question, going on to explain that the story is set in the place that has been the worst for wear- having been dealt the worst blow in the war- and will continue to suffer due to the aftermath of the war. Here he refers to â€Å"the first blitz†; a period when London was continuously bombed and left in a state of disarray. Again, this is the environment that the children have been brought up in (not a very healthy one) without even the memories of the prosperous times that they missed. This- the memory of better times- is a key element in the story and will develop late r, so keep it in mind. The gang consists of several characters with highly contrasting attitudes except for one shared sentiment (I’m sure you’ll be able to identify it as the story progresses). The most fascinating character is probably that of T., short for Trevor, who is introduced as â€Å"the new recruit†- someone of little importance- who â€Å"never wastes a word† and is a typically silent, yet cunning member. However, there are â€Å"possibilities about his brooding silence† that give him an element of mystery. It is important to remember that one important factor which differentiates him from the others is that he is well educated- an uncommon trait- which is indicated by the fact that he correctly identifies the shared style of architecture of two different buildings: a house, and a church. Blackie is the leader of the gang in the beginning of the story. He is mature, practical, and a good leader, but lacks any form of refinement and is doubtful of his own capabilities. This is apparent when he replies to T.’s comment about St. Paul’s Cathedral with an indifferent â€Å"who cares?† Mike is the youngest of the group, very obedient and respectful, but only with the other gang members. He is not old enough to be scarred by the brutality of his city, but on the other hand he is not old enough to have formed a real bond with any of the other boys. He follows their orders not because he is driven to do so by motivation, but simply because he doesn’t know better- something we call naà ¯vetà ©. His innocence is the only somewhat comforting concept in a world where everything is broken and the one remnant of the past is the house of a man named â€Å"Old Misery†. This house had been built by Wren, whose most famous construction- St. Paul’s- had also miraculously survived the horrors of the war. This makes the house seem even more of a foreign entity in the boys’ lives. â€Å"Old Misery† is the man Mr. Thomas, who lives near the impromptu car-park where the boys meet each morning. He is actually well meaning and kind, but the boys, who have only learnt to be distrustful, struggle to cast him in a negative light. When Thomas gives them chocolates for no obvious reason, they naturally assume the worst of him for it and believe that they are being bribed to stop bouncing their balls on the walls of his house. Therefore, they devote the entire following day on doing just that- bouncing their balls on the walls of his house- something that only Mike is â€Å"young enough to enjoy†. The boys are obviously doing this out of spite for Thomas, and desire respect in the eyes of adults and the other gang members. Blackie once claimed that he had actually heard the first-blitz, but no-one notices that at the time of the bombing, even Blackie would have been only one year old. He said this in order to strengthen his position as the leader of the gang, and so the boys would respect him as an authoritative figure. T., whose name is actually Trevor, is referred to as T. but not because it is an endearment, but so that his ‘posh’ name wouldn’t set him apart from the other members of the gang. However, Thomas does not mind these antics, for in the children he sees his own childhood and he has hopes that they will someday renew his country’s former glory. This is extremely ironic, considering that their behavior towards him completely contradicts this. The boys’ lack of empathy can be quite a bit associated with their parents’ examples, who had been forced to live through the war, and as a result becoming bitter and shrugging off their responsibilities. For instance, T.’s father had â€Å"come down in the world† and his mother considered herself to be â€Å"better than others†. We assume that he has had an unloved upbringing. Mike’s parents tell him to go to church on his own, as his mother â€Å"felt ill† and his father was â€Å"tired† (after a late night of drinking!) Mike recognizes these excuses and his impressionable mind gradually becomes influenced by lies. The boys are, in essence, left by themselves, a nd without the guidance of their parents, become hateful and aggressive. Of all the members of the gang, T. is probably the most radical and frightening. At first, when he calls Old Misery’s house â€Å"beautiful† we are relieved to know that at least one of the children still appreciates beauty. Believe it or not, the other boys think the same thing, and rebuke T. for not stealing something while he had the chance. However, this statement is not one of appreciation. Far from it, it is an accusation! T. can identify beauty as something he never had a chance to experience, and he wants to make sure that no-one else appreciates it either. He decides to propose that the boys tear the house down, as Old Misery is leaving for the weekend. Not only does he become the gang’s new leader with this suggestion, (remember the common emotion the boys share? Well, it’s jealousy. They are jealous of anyone who has experienced the happiness and compassion to which they are strangers and, as revenge, they want to destroy the few things that act as reminders of the past or can be described as ‘beautiful ‘. Hence the name Destructors) and the â€Å"fickleness of favor† is symbolic of the changing opinions in the society of London at the time. When T. states that he doesn’t â€Å"hate† Old Misery, the reason behind his actions is unclear. But then he goes on to say how if he did, the demolition of his house would not be â€Å"fun†. He makes sure that the boys carefully destroy only the interior of the house, and goes so far as to burn all of Thomas’ savings! The efficient, militaristic manner with which the boys tear down the house is microcosmic of the efficiency with which Germany completely obliterated some parts of London. When Blackie enters the house at their first meeting, he immediately notices that the demeanor of the boys had changed from the â€Å"happy-go-lucky† ways of before to something greater than them all. He gets the impression of â€Å"organization†. â€Å"No-one speaks† and there is a sense of â€Å"great urgency† as they carefully destroy the innocent man’s house (Greene almost makes the boys seem similar to terrorists in this way). They work â€Å"with the seriousness of creators† and stating that â€Å"destruction is a form of creation† only further supports the sentiment that man has become increasingly destructive, almost to the point of self-destruction, after the horrors of war and the resulting bitterness. The words Greene uses to describe the condition of the house; â€Å"pillaged†, â€Å"ripped† and â€Å"smashed† are reflective of the appearance of the city after the bombings, and can also be linked to its description in the beginning of the story, where the entire lane was â€Å"shattered† and glass had all been â€Å"sucked out of the window frames†. When Summers, a skinny ‘yellow’ boy asks whether they have done enough, T. replies adamantly that they must utterly destroy the house until â€Å"there won’t be anything left†. They are later interrupted by Mike claiming that Old Misery is well on his way back, and T. states that â€Å"It isn’t fair† which is an ironic statement coming from him as Greene states that it â€Å"mimics the childhood he never had†. T. doesn’t want to leave the house as it is because there is still a possibility that it could be rebuilt, this time even more beautifully than before. T. struggles to remain composed, and it is obvious that his authority has started to crumble under the immediate threat of discovery as he â€Å"begs† the boys to â€Å"please† give him a chance to â€Å"fix† this, which is an interesting choice of words as T. lacks the ability to create and would obviously lack the ability to â€Å"fix† as well. Surprisingly, it is Blackie who steps up to help T. and this action clearly portrays how to people, no matter how different in ideologies and opinions, can work together to achieve a common goal (here, this goal is destructive).The boys devise a plan to keep Old Misery occupied and T. manipulates Thomas into following him to the loo, where he claims that a boy has fainted. The fact that Thomas follows T. not only hints at his trusting nature, but also his desire to help the boys to which they are oblivious. Not only does he do this, but T. even persuades Thomas to climb the wall of his own garden, even though he states that â€Å"It’s absurd†. His climbing over the wall shows a shift in control from the older generation to the younger generation, of which they take advantage. As Thomas opens the door of the loo, he is pushed inside and the door is bolted. As he sits inside, occasionally receiving food and blankets, Thomas is aware that due to the Bank Holiday, everyone would have gone out and his cries for help would not be heard. As he wonders what is happening outside, Greene explains how the older generation is now trapped; they can only sit idly as they watch the new generation destroying their legacy, unable to protect their home. Meanwhile, the boys continue to â€Å"penetrate† into the house, leaving it â€Å"gutted† (These words create an effect of a process like ‘dissection’ taking place). Greene describes the house as â€Å"balanced on a few inches of bricks† and this is apt to describe the state of Britain’s economy; â€Å"in shambles†. The fact that it is ultimately the driver who actually â€Å"destroys† the house shows that although the initial idea of destruction was the boys’, their plan is finally executed by the generation that is responsible for their destructive nature. The line â€Å"It’s nothing personal† is repeated twice in the story, once when Thomas is sitting in the loo, and once after the house has fallen, indicating that the driver did not feel the slightest hint of compassion for Thomas as he tries to control his laughter and for the children, who are responsible for the destruction of his house, it is an impersonal act borne of man’s aggressive nature. However, to Thomas, who can still remember the Britain of old, it is the loss of ties to the past and the annihilation of any hopes for the future for the second time; first to Germany, and second to the children of his own country, for which he had such high hopes. The final act of destruction demonstrated the transition of power over the generations, and expresses how the bitterness of war causes bitterness to fester in man’s heart until he becomes what he ought to despise.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Media Essay -- essays research papers fc

In the late Seventies, America became shocked and outraged by the rape, mutilation, and murder of over a dozen young, beautiful girls. The man who committed these murders, Ted Bundy, was later apprehended and executed. During his detention in various penitentiaries, he was mentally probed and prodded by psychologist and psychoanalysts hoping to discover the root of his violent actions and sexual frustrations. Many theories arose in attempts to explain the motivational factors behind his murderous escapades. However, the strongest and most feasible of these theories came not from the psychologists, but from the man himself, "as a teenager, my buddies and I would all sneak around and watch porn. As I grew older, I became more and more interested and involved in it, [pornography] became an obsession. I got so involved in it, I wanted to incorporate [porn] into my life, but I couldn’t behave like that and maintain the success I had worked so hard for. I generated an alt er-ego to fulfill my fantasies under-cover. Pornography was a means of unlocking the evil I had burried inside myself" (Leidholdt 47). Is it possible that pornography is acting as the key to unlocking the evil in more unstable minds? According to Edward Donnerstein, a leading researcher in the pornography field, "the relationship between sexually violent images in the media and subsequent aggression and . . . callous attitudes towards women is much stonger statistically than the relationship between smoking and cancer" (Itzin 22). After considering the increase in rape and molestation, sexual harassment, and other sex crimes over the last few decades, and also the corresponding increase of business in the pornography industry, the link between violence and pornogrpahy needs considerable study and examination. Once the evidence you will encounter in this paper is evaluated and quantified, it will be hard not come away with the realization that habitual use of pornographic material promotes unrealistic and unattainable desires in men that can leac to violent behavior toward women. In order to properly discuss pornography, and be able to link it to violence, we must first come to a basic and agreeable understanding of what the word pornography means. The term pornogrpahy originates from t... ...onse to Langton." Philosophy & Public Affairs. Summer 1992: 65-79. Jenish, D’Arcy. "The King of Porn." Maclean’s. 11 Oct. 1993: 52-56. "Did Sexy Kalvin Klein Ads Go Too Far?" Maclean’s. 2 Oct. 1995: 36. Kaminer, Wendy. "Feminists Against the First Amendment." The Atlantic Monthly. Nov. 1992: 111-118. Leidholdt, Margaret. Take Back The Night: Women on Pornography. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1980. Nicols, Mark. "Viewers and Victims." Newsweek. 10 Aug. 1983: 60. Russell, Diana E.H., ed. Making Violence Sexy: Feminist View on Pornography. New York: Teachers College Press, 1994. Webster’s Dictionary. Miami Florida. P.S.I. & Associates. 1987: 286. Weisz, Monica G., and Christopher M. Earls. "The Effects of Exposure to Filmed Sexual Violence on Attitudes Toward Rape." Journal of Interpersonal Violence. March 1995: 71-84. Whicclair, Mark. R. "Feminism, Pornography, and Censorship." Contemporary Moral Problems. ed. James White. Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN: 1994. White, Mary. "Women As Victim: The New Stereotype." Spin. Apr. 1992: 60-65.